The challenge of learning subjects beyond reading and writing lies in the differences between receiving information with the eyes and with the fingertips. The eye moves immediately across the whole image; the finger perceives objects from the part to the whole. Educators in early schools for the blind actively sought "tactual" or "tangible" apparatus to fill gaps in the blind curriculum.

Early tactile maps were constructed by teachers themselves. APH began making wooden relief maps in the 1870s. Later maps and globes were cast in plastic. The first calculating board was invented in 1720. Many variations and improvements followed. Science teachers used natural specimens for student observation while large objects were constructed as models. Music reproduced in a tactile format allowed students to read and study music independently.

Suggested searches in this exhibit: Spelling, Geography, Math, Science, Music